Diabetes Mellitus and other Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cholelithiasis: A Case Control Study
Abstract
Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) and its complications are major global public health issues, and it remains a common cause of surgical intervention, contributing substantially to health care costs. This study is to estimate the risk of diabetes and life style risk factors responsible for cholelithiasis (gallstone).
Materials & Methods: This was a case control study, 137 cases were recruited from cholelithiasis patients (proven by sonography) admitted in the surgical wards of Government Medical College, Trivandrum from June to December 2009. Sex-matched controls (n = 274) comprising of patients admitted for other morbidities and sonographically negative for gallstones were simultaneously recruited from the same wards.
Results: People with diabetes mellitus have 2.37 times increased chance of developing cholelithiasis. The chance of getting cholelithiasis was found to be 2.7448 times higher in age group of 50 years or more, with odds ratio of 2.7448. It was found that those with sedentary lifestyle have almost double the chance of developing cholelithiasis compared to non-sedentary, odds ratio of 1.8985.
Conclusion: It has been found in this study that in Type 2 diabetes, sedentary physical activity, increasing age, over-weight and obesity were the risk factors for the development of cholelithiasis. Regular exercise with maintenance of healthy body weight with good diabetes control can help in delaying or preventing the development of cholelithiasis.
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